Interplay Between Oxidative and Carbonyl Stresses: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Effects and Therapeutic Strategies of Protection

Reactive species (RS) are continuously produced and eliminated in variuos groups of organisms: from bacteria to man. Under normal physiological conditions, the steady-state concentrations of RS are maintained at certain range and fluctuate similarly to other parameters in the organism according to homeostasis theory. The persistence of RS in cells demonstrates their evolutionarily selected production in order to perform some useful role in living organisms. The most beneficial among important biological roles of RS is their establishment as important regulators of cell signal transduction and part of immune response controlling cellular defense against various environmental challenges.